Efficient muscle regeneration after highly haemorrhagic bothrops alternatus venom injection
Fecha
2016Autor
García Denegri, María Emilia
Teibler, Gladys Pamela
Maruñak, Silvana L.
Hernández, David Roque
Acosta, Ofelia Cristina
Leiva, Laura Cristina
Metadatos
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Bothrops alternatus snake venom is particularly characterized for inducing a prominent haemorrhage and
affecting hemostasis as a consequence of 43.1% of metallo-proteinases and less than 10% of PLA2 (almost
all non-myotoxic phospholipases) in its venomics. In addition, myonecrosis is the major local effect in
viper envenoming which might lead to permanent sequela. Then, the rebuilding of the microvasculature
at the local injured site acquires significance since represents one of the pivotal stages for subsequent
skeletal muscle regeneration either at morphological or functional aspects. Due to the significance played
by vasculature in this process, it is important to study by histology and immunohistochemical tech niques, the muscular damage and the sequence of skeletal muscle reconstruction (degree of damage,
reconstitution of muscle fibres and capillaries). In this work, we injected intramuscularly 50 or 100 mg per
mouse of B. alternatus venom in gastrocnemius muscles. We provided a complete description and
characterization of the different stages of myogenesis after mild (50 mg) and severe (100 mg) local injury
induced by B. alternatus venom toxins. The regeneration was evaluated 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after
receiving venom injection. Finally, both doses induced an extended necrosis at the site of injection
where, when critical steps in the regenerative process are taking place, an efficient tissue rebuilding is
achieved. B. alternatus venom is characterized by the high percentage of exclusively class P-III metal loproteinases, and by the lack of class P-I metalloproteinases in its venom composition. This could
explain the effectiveness of muscle regeneration after venom injection despite the severity of the initial
phase of envenoming.
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