Salud adolescente en el Chaco. Necesidades, actores y políticas

Abstract

La adolescencia, edad de bajoriesgo clínico, se asocia con una etapa de formaciónintelectual e incorporación de hábitos queafectan otras etapas de la vida. En la Argentina,los avances de derechos buscan su correlato encobertura de necesidades de salud. La interacciónentre los sistemas de salud y educación y el papeljugado por la familia y el entorno tienen su reflejoen la carga de adicciones, tabaquismo, consumode alcohol, conductas sexuales irresponsables yviolencia externa y auto-infringida. El trabajo usatécnicas cuanti-cualitativas para analizar el casochaqueño. El abordaje involucra un mapeo tradicionalde trece actores y una encuesta de elecciónmúltiple a más de ochocientos/as jóvenes enuna docena de escuelas en los departamentos deSan Fernando, Comandante Fernández, GeneralGüemes, Libertador General San Martín y MayorFontana. La percepción de organizaciones de lasociedad civil sobre la salud adolescente permiteuna aproximación a jóvenes no escolarizadas/os.

Adolescence is a period of low clinical risk and incorporation of behavio - ral habits that will affect the transition to other life stages. In Argentina, progresses achieved in civil rights requires a proper correlation with accurate coverage of health needs. The interac- tion between the health and education systems and the role played by the family and the envi - ronment play a significant role in defining the burden of addictions, smoking habits, abuse of alcohol consumption, irresponsible sexual be- haviors and passive and self-inflicted violence. This article uses quantitative-qualitative te - chniques to analyze the case of Chaco, inclu - ding stakeholder analysis, normative review; interviews with civil society institutions; and the consolidation of a database collecting ado - lescents’ perceptions about their health status and their ability to receive proper care from the health care system. It involves an anonymous multiple-choice survey completed by 800 stu - dents in twelve public high schools. These ins - truments measure key indicators, contrasting results across different geographical locations and genders. The study highlights the need for deeper coordination between public institutions and the families, to reduce the gap between adolescents’ needs and adults’ interpretation, and between the norm and its translation into a social protection system, facing a phenomenon that requires increasing attention.