Bioaccessibility and total content of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) : A probabilistic assessment to evaluate their contribution to dietary reference intake

Abstract

Background and objectives: Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn contents as well as bioaccessi- ble fractions of eight rice varieties were analyzed in order to evaluate them nutri- tionally.

Findings: Total trace element concentrations ranged between 5.90 and 15.3 mg/ kg for Fe, 8.82–12.9 mg/kg for Zn, 1.45–5.59 mg/kg for Cu, and 2.45–13.6 mg/ kg for Mn. Brown rice presented the highest trace element contents and at the same time the lowest bioaccessibility. A negative significant statistical correlation was found between dietary fiber and Mn bioaccessibility (r = −0.872; p < 0.01). Significant statistical negative correlations were found between vegetable proteins of rice and trace elements bioaccessibility.

Conclusions: A probabilistic assessment (@Risk) used to determine the contribu- tion of DRI for Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu through the intake of 150–200 g of boiled

rice showed that this food can be a proper source of Cu and to a lesser extent Mn but not in the case of Fe and Zn. Significance and novelty: The present study develops a probabilistic model to evaluate the contributions to the DRIs of these micronutrients, from data of rice varieties consumption and their bioaccessibility—total content.