Las políticas públicas de formación doctoral y su impacto en el sistema nacional de ciencia tecnología e innovación. Una lectura comparativa de Argentina y Brasil

Abstract

A partir de información disponible en la Red de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología Iberoamericana e Interamericana- (RICYT), en este trabajo nos aproximamos a comprender el impacto que, en términos de resultados de productos científicos y tecnológicos (publicaciones en Science Citation Index –SCI– y solicitudes de patentes), han tenido las políticas públicas de formación doctoral implementadas en la última década en Argentina y Brasil. La lectura diacrónica y cuantitativa de la relación formación doctoral y resultados del sistema de ciencia y tecnología (SCT) se basa en el tradicional modelo “insumo-producto” utilizado en los estudios macro-económicos del nivel de producción de las actividades científicas y tecnológicas.

On the basis of information available on the Network of Science and Technology Indicators - Iberoamericana and inter-American- (RICYT), in this work we approach to understand the impact that, in terms of results of scientific and technological products (publications in Science Citation Index -SCI- and patent applications), have had the doctoral training public policies implemented in the last decade in Argentina and Brazil. The diachronic and quantitative reading of the doctoral training relationship and results of the system of science and technology (SCT) is based on the traditional model "input-output" used in the macroeconomic studies of the production level of scientific and technological activities. The analysis is complemented with a structural look of the SCT Latin American, which presents a set of traits that affect the possibilities of systemic changes of this type of public policies. In recent years both Argentina and Brazil have increased their population of Ph.D, which has impacted differently in an increase in the scientific publications of their academic communities. This has not happened in terms of technological creativity, where the results are scarce. Precisely, an impact of these characteristics would seem to be due to the low private sector investments in science and technology at the low demand of scientific and technological knowledge of this sector and the low degree of articulation among the public institutions of S&T and the business sector, among other structural features of the system.