Eficacia de la ivermectina para controlar parásitos gastrointestinales en caprinos

Abstract

Con el objeto de comprobar la eficacia antiparasitaria de la ivermectina, se utilizaron 40 cabras hembras mestizas (Criollas x Nubian) de la zona rural de Tres Isletas (Chaco), infestadas naturalmente con parásitos de la gastroenteritis verminosa, los cuales fueron identificados por coprocultivo y cuantificados mediante la técnica de McMaster modificada. Aleatoriamente se dividieron en grupos control y tratado, de igual número de animales. En el día 0 los animales del grupo tratado fueron pesados e inyectados vía subcutánea con ivermectina al 1%, a razón de 0,2 mg/kg. En el día 12 se efectuó nuevamente el recuento en cámara de los huevos de parásitos, en materia fecal extraída del recto. En el grupo control aumentó el promedio de huevos/gramo (hpg) de heces (inicial: 285 versus final: 495 hpg), en tanto que en el grupo tratado la carga parasitaria se redujo considerablemente (inicial: 323 versus final: 11 hpg). La ivermectina reveló una efectividad del 97,77% en la reducción del recuento de huevos, manifestándose como una alternativa eficaz para controlar especies parásitos gastrointestinales como Haemonchus sp., Cooperia sp. y Trichostrongylus sp. en caprinos.

The objective of this work was to test the effectiveness of ivermectin in goats with gastrointestinal parasites. Animals were located in a field area of Tres Isletas, Chaco, northeastern Argentina. For this assay, 40 naturally infested goats (Creole x Nubian), were used. Parasites were identified by coproculture, and counted using a McMaster chamber. Animals were aleatory grouped in two lots (treated and control), 20 animals each, all females. On the day 0, animals from the treated group were weighed, and 0.2 mg/kg s.c. 1% invermectin was administered each. On the day 12 of the assay, feces samples were obtained from the rectum and the number of eggs was determined again. In the control group, the average of eggs/grame (epg) was increased (initial: 285 vs. final: 495 epg), while in the medicated group, the amount of parasites was considerable low (initial: 323 vs. final: 11 epg). Ivermectine had a 97.77% of effectiveness to control gastrointestinal parasites, such as Haemonchus sp., Cooperia sp. and Trichostrongylus sp.