Estados hipertensivos en el embarazo : prevalencia, perfil clínico y evolución materna
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Sociedad Argentina de Medicina
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Introducción Los trastornos hipertensivos (THTA) afectan al 10% de embarazadas, causando importante
morbimortalidad materno fetal, con un espectro clínico y obstétrico diferente según el tipo.
Objetivos Evaluar prevalencia, clínica y evolución materna de los THTA del embarazo.
Material y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de 7190 partos consecutivos(08/2008-04/2013), Fueron
clasificados en grupo: 1: sin THTA; 2: hipertensión previa (HTAC); 3: hipertensión gestacional (HG);
4: preeclampsia-eclampsia (PE, tensión arterial ≥140-90 más proteinuria, sin/con convulsiones).
Resultados THTA se identificaron en 644 pacientes (9%): HTAC 65 (1%), HG 426 (5, 9%) y PE 153
(2, 1%), En grupos 1 a 4, la edad fue: 25±7, 35±6, 27±7 y 25±7 años; fueron: nulíparas 36, 2, 7,7, 43,
7 y 55, 6%; obesas 5, 8, 27, 7, 17, 4 y 11, 8%; diabéticas 1, 8, 16, 9, 5, 7 y 1, 3% (todas p=0,0001),
con cardiopatías 0, 2, 1, 5, 0 y 1, 3% (p=0,002), respectivamente, En grupos 1 a 4, el inicio provoca-
do del trabajo de parto fue: 22, 5, 49, 2, 49, 8 y 74, 5% (p=0,0001) y cesárea en 26, 2,53, 8, 47, 2 y
67, 3% (p=0,0001); presentaron hemorragias del 3° trimestre: 1, 4, 6, 2, 4 y 3, 3% (p=0,0001) y en
posparto: 2, 3, 3, 1, 6, 2 y 3, 3% (p=0,0001), y se hospitalizaron durante el embarazo 11, 6, 53, 8, 31,
2 y 44,7 % (p=0,0001).
Conclusiones Los THTA afectan a uno de cada diez nacimientos. El perfil de riesgo es diferente: multi-
paridad, más edad y patología asociada en HTAC; menor edad, nulíparidad sin comorbilidades en PE y
un estado intermedio en HG. Los THTA tuvieron alta tasa de hospitalización y culminación por cesárea,
mostrando riesgo incrementado más allá del tipo de trastorno.
Introduction : Hypertensive disorders (THTA) affect 10% of pregnancies,causingsignificantmaternal and fetalmorbimortality,with a differentobstetric and clinicalspectrumaccording with the type. Objectives: To assess prevalence, clinical profile and maternal outcome of THTA during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 7190consecutivedeliveries (08/2008-04/2013). Theywere classified intogroup1: not THTA, 2:previous hypertension(HTAC), 3: gestationalhypertension (HG), 4: preeclamp- sia-eclampsia (PE, bloodpressure≥140-90moreproteinuria,without/withseizures). Results: THTA were identified in 644 patients (9%): HTAC 65 (1%), HG 426 (5.9%) and PE 153 (2.1%). In groups 1 to 4, the age was 25 ± 7, 35 ± 6, 27 ± 7 and 25 ± 7 years; theywerenulliparous 36.2, 7.7, 43.7 and 55.6%; obese 5.8, 27.7, 17.4 and 11.8%; diabetic 1.8, 16.9, 5.7 and 1.3% (all p<0.0001), with heart disease 0.2, 1.5, 0 and 1.3% (p=0.002), respectively. In groups 1 to 4, the onset of labor was provoked in: 22.5, 49.2, 49.8 and 74.5% (p<0.0001), caesarean section was used in 26.2, 53.8, 47.2 and 67.3% (p<0.0001); bleeding developed during 3rd trimester in 1.4, 6.2, 4 and 3.3% (p<0.0001) and postpartum: 2.3, 3.1, 6.2 and 3.3% (p<0.0001), and were hospitalized 11.6, 53.8, 31.2 and 44.7% (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The THTA affect one in ten births. Theriskprofileisdifferent: multiparity, older and associatedpathology in HTAC; youngerage, nulliparitywithoutcomorbidities in PE and an intermediate state in HG. THTA had a high rate of hospitalization and cesarean completion, showing increased risk beyond the type of disorder.
Introduction : Hypertensive disorders (THTA) affect 10% of pregnancies,causingsignificantmaternal and fetalmorbimortality,with a differentobstetric and clinicalspectrumaccording with the type. Objectives: To assess prevalence, clinical profile and maternal outcome of THTA during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 7190consecutivedeliveries (08/2008-04/2013). Theywere classified intogroup1: not THTA, 2:previous hypertension(HTAC), 3: gestationalhypertension (HG), 4: preeclamp- sia-eclampsia (PE, bloodpressure≥140-90moreproteinuria,without/withseizures). Results: THTA were identified in 644 patients (9%): HTAC 65 (1%), HG 426 (5.9%) and PE 153 (2.1%). In groups 1 to 4, the age was 25 ± 7, 35 ± 6, 27 ± 7 and 25 ± 7 years; theywerenulliparous 36.2, 7.7, 43.7 and 55.6%; obese 5.8, 27.7, 17.4 and 11.8%; diabetic 1.8, 16.9, 5.7 and 1.3% (all p<0.0001), with heart disease 0.2, 1.5, 0 and 1.3% (p=0.002), respectively. In groups 1 to 4, the onset of labor was provoked in: 22.5, 49.2, 49.8 and 74.5% (p<0.0001), caesarean section was used in 26.2, 53.8, 47.2 and 67.3% (p<0.0001); bleeding developed during 3rd trimester in 1.4, 6.2, 4 and 3.3% (p<0.0001) and postpartum: 2.3, 3.1, 6.2 and 3.3% (p<0.0001), and were hospitalized 11.6, 53.8, 31.2 and 44.7% (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The THTA affect one in ten births. Theriskprofileisdifferent: multiparity, older and associatedpathology in HTAC; youngerage, nulliparitywithoutcomorbidities in PE and an intermediate state in HG. THTA had a high rate of hospitalization and cesarean completion, showing increased risk beyond the type of disorder.
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Rivero, Mabel Itatí, et al., 2016. Estados hipertensivos en el embarazo: prevalencia, perfil clínico y evolución materna. Revista Argentina de Medicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Medicina, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 9-12. E-ISSN: 2618-4311.
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