Valoración de hábitos alimentarios y situación de las personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Argentina
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Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes
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Introducción: el aislamiento obligatorio impuso cambios en
la vida y en los hábitos de las personas con diabetes mellitus
(DM). Es importante conocer la situación actual para diseñar la
intervención nutricional y generar información útil para el equi-
po de atención.
Objetivos: conocer la percepción acerca del consumo de ali-
mentos y la situación médico-nutricional de personas con DM
durante el aislamiento por COVID-19.
Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional. Se aplicó cuestio-
nario autoadministrado. Muestra no probabilística. Las variables
se categorizaron y analizaron según los objetivos específicos.
Resultados: se encuestaron 1.128 pacientes. El 42,3% padecía
DM1; 35,6% tenía más de 10 años con DM. El 25,7% nunca
asistió a un nutricionista por su DM y 56% contaba con un plan
alimentario por nutricionista. En cuanto a la derivación al nutri-
cionista por DM, el 68,3% fue derivado y asistió. Durante la
pandemia, el 66,7% de los participantes no acudió a la consulta
nutricional. Un 67,3% de pacientes DM1 aplicó conteo de hidra-
tos de carbono (HC). Por otro lado, el 39% percibió aumento de
peso y un 20,6% déficit en el control de la glucemia. El 82%
refirió consumir comidas caseras, 24% delivery, 27% comidas
rápidas, 28% alcohol, 20% gaseosas, 19% golosinas, 74% ver-
duras y 71% frutas. En cuanto a los problemas percibidos, fueron
más frecuentes el estrés (45,9%), el sedentarismo (42,7%) y las
comidas poco saludables (24,9%).
Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos podrían mejorar las
estrategias de tratamiento y acompañamiento a nuestros pa-
cientes. Resulta necesario mejorar la derivación y seguimiento,
además de trabajar sobre la frecuencia de la actividad física y los
motivos de ingesta.
Introduction: mandatory isolation imposed changes in the li- ves and habits of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is im- portant to know the current situation to design the nutritional intervention, generating useful information for the care team. Objectives: to know the perception about food consumption and the nutritional medical situation of people with DM during isolation due to COVID19. Materials and methods: observational study. A self-adminis- tered questionnaire was applied. Non-probabilistic sample. The variables were categorized and analyzed according to the spe- cific objectives. Results: 1,128 patients were surveyed. 42.3% had type 1 dia- betes; 35.6% had more than 10 years with DM. 25.7% never attended a nutritionist due to their DM, 56% had an eating plan for a nutritionist. Regarding referral to the nutritionist for DM, 68.3% were referred and attended. During the pandemic, 66.7% of the participants did not attend the nutritional con- sultation. 67.3% of patients with type 1 apply the CH count. On the other hand, 39% perceived weight gain and a deficit in glycemic control, 20.6%. 82% reported consuming home- made meals, delivery 24%, fast foods 27%, alcohol 28%, soft drinks 20%, candy 19%, vegetables 74% and fruits 71%. Regarding perceived problems, stress was 45.9% more fre- quent, sedentary lifestyle 42.7% and unhealthy meals 24.9%. Conclusions: the results obtained could improve the treatment and monitoring strategies for our patients, it is necessary to improve referral, follow-up, work on the frequency of physical activity and the reasons for intake.
Introduction: mandatory isolation imposed changes in the li- ves and habits of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is im- portant to know the current situation to design the nutritional intervention, generating useful information for the care team. Objectives: to know the perception about food consumption and the nutritional medical situation of people with DM during isolation due to COVID19. Materials and methods: observational study. A self-adminis- tered questionnaire was applied. Non-probabilistic sample. The variables were categorized and analyzed according to the spe- cific objectives. Results: 1,128 patients were surveyed. 42.3% had type 1 dia- betes; 35.6% had more than 10 years with DM. 25.7% never attended a nutritionist due to their DM, 56% had an eating plan for a nutritionist. Regarding referral to the nutritionist for DM, 68.3% were referred and attended. During the pandemic, 66.7% of the participants did not attend the nutritional con- sultation. 67.3% of patients with type 1 apply the CH count. On the other hand, 39% perceived weight gain and a deficit in glycemic control, 20.6%. 82% reported consuming home- made meals, delivery 24%, fast foods 27%, alcohol 28%, soft drinks 20%, candy 19%, vegetables 74% and fruits 71%. Regarding perceived problems, stress was 45.9% more fre- quent, sedentary lifestyle 42.7% and unhealthy meals 24.9%. Conclusions: the results obtained could improve the treatment and monitoring strategies for our patients, it is necessary to improve referral, follow-up, work on the frequency of physical activity and the reasons for intake.
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Sosa, María Evangelina, et al., 2022. Valoración de hábitos alimentarios y situación de las personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Argentina. Revista Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 5-18. E-ISSN 2346-9452.
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