Análisis comparativo de suelos cultivados y de monte de la provincia del Chaco, Argentina
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Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia
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La agricultura en el norte argentino se ha intensificado últimamente avanzando sobre nuevas tierras, generando un
impacto sobre los recursos naturales entre los que se encuentra el suelo. Se analizaron variables físicas, químicas y
biológicas con el fin de dilucidar cuál de éstas muestra un mayor contraste. Se tomaron muestras de dos campos ubicados
en la región oeste de la provincia del Chaco: uno con producción agrícola en un suelo desmontado hace 10 años, otro que
realiza producción agrícola hace 80 años. En ambos se tomó el monte contiguo como situación testigo. El muestreo de
los suelos se realizó en otoño de dos años consecutivos a una profundidad de cero a 10 y de 10 a 20 centímetros. Como
variables físico-químicas y químicas se evaluaron pH, conductividad eléctrica, nitrógeno total, carbono orgánico, fósforo
disponible, potasio, calcio, magnesio y sodio. Como variables físicas se determinaron densidad aparente y resistencia
mecánica a la penetración. Y como variables biológicas se determinaron actividad respiratoria microbiana del suelo y
cuantificación de glomalina fácilmente extraíble. Se realizó análisis de la varianza, test de Tukey (α = 0,05) arrojando
diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mayoría de las variables siendo positivos los valores de los suelos de
monte. Además, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales. Las variables más determinantes fueron: densidad
aparente, resistencia mecánica a la penetración, pH, el carbono orgánico y la glomalina fácilmente extraíble.
Agriculture in northern Argentina has intensified lately, advancing on new lands, generating an impact on natural resources, including the soil. Physical, chemical and biological variables were analyzed in order to elucidate which of these shows the greatest contrast. Samples were taken from two fields: one with agricultural production on land cleared 10 years ago, another that has been producing agricultural production for the last 80 years. In both, the contiguous native vegetation was taken as control. Soil sampling was carried out in the fall of two consecutive years at a depth of zero to 10 and 10 to 20 centimeters. As physicochemical and chemical variables, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium were evaluated. As physical variables, apparent density and mechanical resistance to penetration were determined. As biological variables, microbial respiratory activity of the soil and quantification of easily extractable glomalin were determined. Analysis of variance, Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) was performed, yielding statistically significant differences in most of the variables, being positive the values from the native vegetation soils. In addition, a principal component analysis was performed. The most determining variables were: apparent density, mechanical resistance to penetration, pH, organic carbon and easily extractable glomalin.
Agriculture in northern Argentina has intensified lately, advancing on new lands, generating an impact on natural resources, including the soil. Physical, chemical and biological variables were analyzed in order to elucidate which of these shows the greatest contrast. Samples were taken from two fields: one with agricultural production on land cleared 10 years ago, another that has been producing agricultural production for the last 80 years. In both, the contiguous native vegetation was taken as control. Soil sampling was carried out in the fall of two consecutive years at a depth of zero to 10 and 10 to 20 centimeters. As physicochemical and chemical variables, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium were evaluated. As physical variables, apparent density and mechanical resistance to penetration were determined. As biological variables, microbial respiratory activity of the soil and quantification of easily extractable glomalin were determined. Analysis of variance, Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) was performed, yielding statistically significant differences in most of the variables, being positive the values from the native vegetation soils. In addition, a principal component analysis was performed. The most determining variables were: apparent density, mechanical resistance to penetration, pH, organic carbon and easily extractable glomalin.
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Pérez, Germán Luis, et al., 2020. Análisis comparativo de suelos cultivados y de monte de la provincia del Chaco, Argentina. Revista Agronómica del Noroeste Argentino. San Miguel de Tucumán: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 91-101. E-ISSN 2314-369X.
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