Septicemia por chromobacterium violaceum en pediatría
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Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan
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Chromobacterium violaceum es una bacteria gram negativa
anaerobia facultativa, que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida
en el agua y el suelo en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, que se
asocia con infecciones respiratorias, gastrointestinales, abscesos
hepáticos, meningitis, endocarditis, síndrome hemofagocítico y
sepsis fulminante. Se presentan 2 casos en niños: el primero es
un varón de 8 años con lesiones en piel, fiebre y adenitis inguinal,
que ingresó con un cuadro de sepsis severa, síndrome de distrés
respiratorio agudo (SDRA) y falleció a las 3 h del ingreso. De los
hemocultivos se aisló Chromobacterium violaceum. El segundo
caso, es una niña de 12 años con antecedente de fiebre y
adenopatía inguinal secundaria a herida cortopunzante en el pie
homolateral, que ingresó con un cuadro de sepsis, con desarrollo
de abscesos múltiples profundos. De la colección obtenida
de piel y partes blandas y de un aspirado traqueal se aisló
Chromobacterium violaceum. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico
adecuado y posteriormente fue dada de alta. Se realizó una
revisión bibliográfica de esta infección en niños y se encontraron
44 casos en todo el mundo. Algunos de éstos, se relacionaron con
inmunodeficiencia de base, como la enfermedad granulomatosa
crónica. La infección por esta bacteria es rara y se presenta como
un cuadro grave que no responde a antibióticos habituales de
uso empírico y tiene una alta tasa de mortalidad.
Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacillus, widely distributed in water and soil in tropical and subtropical regions and associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, liver abscesses, meningitis, endocarditis, hemophagocytic syndrome, and fulminant sepsis. Here two pediatric cases are presented: The first was an 8-year-old boy with skin lesions, fever, and inguinal adenitis, who was admitted with severe sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and died three hours after. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from blood cultures. The second case was a 12-year-old girl with a history of fever and inguinal adenopathy secondary to a wound in the homolateral foot, who was admitted because of sepsis and multiple deep abscesses. From samples collected from the skin and soft tissues as well as tracheal aspirate Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated. Adequate antibiotic treatment was started and the patient was subsequently discharged. In a review of the literature, 44 cases worldwide were identified. Some of these cases were related to underlying immunodeficiency, such as chronic granulomatous disease. Infection with this bacterium is rare and presents with severe manifestations that do not respond to the common empirical antibiotics and are associated with a high mortality rate.
Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacillus, widely distributed in water and soil in tropical and subtropical regions and associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, liver abscesses, meningitis, endocarditis, hemophagocytic syndrome, and fulminant sepsis. Here two pediatric cases are presented: The first was an 8-year-old boy with skin lesions, fever, and inguinal adenitis, who was admitted with severe sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and died three hours after. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from blood cultures. The second case was a 12-year-old girl with a history of fever and inguinal adenopathy secondary to a wound in the homolateral foot, who was admitted because of sepsis and multiple deep abscesses. From samples collected from the skin and soft tissues as well as tracheal aspirate Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated. Adequate antibiotic treatment was started and the patient was subsequently discharged. In a review of the literature, 44 cases worldwide were identified. Some of these cases were related to underlying immunodeficiency, such as chronic granulomatous disease. Infection with this bacterium is rare and presents with severe manifestations that do not respond to the common empirical antibiotics and are associated with a high mortality rate.
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Corallo, Teresa., et al., 2019. Septicemia por chromobacterium violaceum en pediatría. Medicina Infantil. Buenos Aires: Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 276-284. ISSN 0328-0160.
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