Dispensación de antibióticos en un instituto de seguridad social universitario. Corrientes, Argentina. 2020
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Salud Pública
Resumen
Objetivo Caracterizar la dispensa de antibióticos a pacientes ambulatorios en un
instituto de seguridad social universitario durante el año 2020.
Método Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo-correlacional de utilización de
medicamentos. Para cuantificar la dispensa, se utilizó la dosis diaria definida (DDD)
por 1 000 habitantes por día (DHD) y la unidad de dosis, recomendadas por la Organi-
zación Mundial de la Salud (OMS), y el valor intrínseco terapéutico potencial como
indicador cualitativo, según Laporte y Tognoni.
Resultados Se incluyeron 4 748 dispensaciones ambulatorias. Edad promedio:
42 años; rango: 0-94 años, con predominio del sexo femenino (55%). La mayoría
pertenecían al grupo de las penicilinas (51,3%) con predominio de amoxicilina en
asociaciones a dosis fija o como monofármaco (48,3%), seguida por los macrólidos
(21,0%) y las fluoroquinolonas (17,0%). Se pudo apreciar un consumo potencial de
7,7 DHD, lo cual implica que, en promedio, 7 de cada 1 000 afiliados de la institución
estuvo expuesto a estos agentes diariamente, con predominio de amoxicilina asociada
a ácido clavulánico (2,2 DHD).
Conclusión La población general de universitarios estuvo expuesta a una prescripción
alta de amoxicilina en asociaciones a dosis fijas, algunas de valor inaceptable o
relativa, así como también a los nuevos macrólidos y fluoroquinolonas de segunda y
tercera generación. Esto requiere especial atención, porque el consumo indiscriminado
a nivel ambulatorio de antibióticos de amplio espectro podría convertirse en un factor
de riesgo para el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana; implica, además, un riesgo en la
aparición de eventos adversos serios y un incremento en el gasto sanitario.
Objective To characterize the dispensing of antibiotics to outpatients of a university social security institute during the year 2020. Methods An observational, descriptive-correlational study of drug use was carried out. To quantify the dispensation, the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1 000 inhabitants per day (DHD) and the dose unit, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), were used. The classification of potential therapeutic intrinsic value, by Laporte and Tognoni, was used as a qualitative indicator. Results A total of 4 748 outpatient dispensations of antibiotics were included, 55% for the female sex. Average age: 42 years; range: 0-94 years. The majority belonged to the penicillin group (51.3%) with a predominance of amoxicillin (48.3%) in fixed-dose associations or mono-drug, followed by macrolides (21.0%) and fluoroquinolones (17.0%). A potential consumption of 7.7 DHD was observed, which implies that, on average, 7 out of every 1 000 members of the institution were exposed to these agents daily with a predominance of amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid (2.2 DHD). Conclusion The general population of university students was exposed to high fixed-dose associations prescription of amoxicillin, some of relative or unacceptable potential therapeutic intrinsic value, as well as to the new macrolides and second or third generation of fluoroquinolones. This requires special attention because the indiscriminate outpatient use of broad-spectrum antibiotics could become a risk factor for the development of bacterial resistance. It also implies a higher risk of serious adverse events and an increase in healthcare costs.
Objective To characterize the dispensing of antibiotics to outpatients of a university social security institute during the year 2020. Methods An observational, descriptive-correlational study of drug use was carried out. To quantify the dispensation, the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1 000 inhabitants per day (DHD) and the dose unit, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), were used. The classification of potential therapeutic intrinsic value, by Laporte and Tognoni, was used as a qualitative indicator. Results A total of 4 748 outpatient dispensations of antibiotics were included, 55% for the female sex. Average age: 42 years; range: 0-94 years. The majority belonged to the penicillin group (51.3%) with a predominance of amoxicillin (48.3%) in fixed-dose associations or mono-drug, followed by macrolides (21.0%) and fluoroquinolones (17.0%). A potential consumption of 7.7 DHD was observed, which implies that, on average, 7 out of every 1 000 members of the institution were exposed to these agents daily with a predominance of amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid (2.2 DHD). Conclusion The general population of university students was exposed to high fixed-dose associations prescription of amoxicillin, some of relative or unacceptable potential therapeutic intrinsic value, as well as to the new macrolides and second or third generation of fluoroquinolones. This requires special attention because the indiscriminate outpatient use of broad-spectrum antibiotics could become a risk factor for the development of bacterial resistance. It also implies a higher risk of serious adverse events and an increase in healthcare costs.
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Rocha, María Teresa, et al., 2022. Dispensación de antibióticos en un instituto de seguridad social universitario. Corrientes, Argentina. 2020. Revista de Salud Pública. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Salud Pública, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 1-7. E-ISSN 2539-3596. DOI https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V24n4.101162
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