Situación nutricional y factores de riesgo cardiovascular y renal en relación al peso al nacer de niños del Gran Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina : factores de riesgo en pediatría
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Asociación Regional de Diálisis y Trasplantes Renales de Capital Federal y Provincia de Buenos Aires
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Introducción: Se carece de datos sobre situación
nutricional y factores de riesgo cardiovascular
y renal en pediatría en la provincia del
Chaco, una de las más pobres y con mayor
población pediátrica de Argentina. Objetivo:
Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo
nutricionales (bajo peso/talla, baja talla/
edad, bajo peso y sobrepeso), factores de riesgo
perinatales (edad materna y edad gestacional al
nacimiento), cardiovasculares y renales (sobrepeso,
hipertensión arterial y proteinuria), correlacionados
con el peso al nacer, en población
de un mes a 18 años del conglomerado urbano
del Gran Resistencia, provincia del Chaco.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio
descriptivo observacional de corte transversal.
Los participantes se seleccionaron por muestreo
probabilístico por conglomerados según
peso de la población en cada estrato, de escuelas
para niños de 6 a 18 años y de centros de salud
para menores de 6. Resultados: Se estudiaron
850 niños. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo
fue: 24% alto riesgo por edad materna; 21%
nacidos pre-término; 7,2% bajo peso al nacer;
9,1% baja talla/edad; 4,2% bajo peso/talla;
11,8% alto peso/talla; 6,3% bajo peso/edad;
2,4% proteinuria; y 6,8% hipertensión arterial.
En menores de 6 años con bajo peso al nacer
comparados con nacidos con peso normal, la
odd ratio para presentar bajo peso/talla fue de
6,15, y para bajo peso/edad de 5,02; para nacidos
con alto peso comparados con nacidos con
peso normal, la odd ratio para sobrepeso fue
3,07. Conclusiones: La población pediátrica
estudiada presenta una situación de alto riesgo
nutricional que correlaciona con el peso al
nacer. La prevalencia de proteinuria e hipertensión
arterial no se asociaron al peso al nacer.
Introduction: There is a lack of data on nutritional status and cardiovascular and renal risk factors in pediatrics in the province of Chaco, one of the poorest provinces and with the largest pediatric population in Argentina. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these risk factors: nutritional (low weight/height, low height/age, low weight and overweight); perinatal (maternal age and gestational age at birth), as well as cardiovascular and renal (overweight, hypertension and proteinuria), correlated with birth weight, in population from one month old to 18 years old in the urban agglomeration of Gran Resistencia, province of Chaco. Material and methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were selected by probabilistic sampling through agglomerations according to population weight in each strata, taken from schools for 6-18 year-old children and from health centers for children under 6. Results: A total of 850 children were studied. The prevalence of risk factors was: 24% with high risk for maternal age, 21% with preterm birth, 7.2% with low birth weight, 9.1% with low height/age, 4.2% with low weight/height, 11.8% with high weight/height, 6.3% with low weight/age, 2.4% with proteinuria and 6.8% with high blood pressure. In children under 6 years of age with low birth weight, compared to those with normal birth weight, the odd ratio for low weight/height was 6.15, and for low weight/age it was 5.02; for those born with a high weight compared to those born with normal weight, the odd ratio for overweight was 3.07. Conclusions: the pediatric population which was studied presents a situation of high nutritional risk that correlates with birth weight. The prevalence of proteinuria and high blood pressure were not associated with birth weight.
Introduction: There is a lack of data on nutritional status and cardiovascular and renal risk factors in pediatrics in the province of Chaco, one of the poorest provinces and with the largest pediatric population in Argentina. Objective: To determine the prevalence of these risk factors: nutritional (low weight/height, low height/age, low weight and overweight); perinatal (maternal age and gestational age at birth), as well as cardiovascular and renal (overweight, hypertension and proteinuria), correlated with birth weight, in population from one month old to 18 years old in the urban agglomeration of Gran Resistencia, province of Chaco. Material and methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were selected by probabilistic sampling through agglomerations according to population weight in each strata, taken from schools for 6-18 year-old children and from health centers for children under 6. Results: A total of 850 children were studied. The prevalence of risk factors was: 24% with high risk for maternal age, 21% with preterm birth, 7.2% with low birth weight, 9.1% with low height/age, 4.2% with low weight/height, 11.8% with high weight/height, 6.3% with low weight/age, 2.4% with proteinuria and 6.8% with high blood pressure. In children under 6 years of age with low birth weight, compared to those with normal birth weight, the odd ratio for low weight/height was 6.15, and for low weight/age it was 5.02; for those born with a high weight compared to those born with normal weight, the odd ratio for overweight was 3.07. Conclusions: the pediatric population which was studied presents a situation of high nutritional risk that correlates with birth weight. The prevalence of proteinuria and high blood pressure were not associated with birth weight.
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Cusumano, Ana María, et al., 2018. Situación nutricional y factores de riesgo cardiovascular y renal en relación al peso al nacer de niños del Gran Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina : factores de riesgo en pediatría. Revista de Nefrología, Diálisis y Trasplante. Buenos Aires: Asociación Regional de Diálisis y Trasplantes Renales de Capital Federal y Provincia de Buenos Aires, vol. 38, no. 2, p. 111-125. ISSN-e 2346-8548.
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