La lengua de los tobas bolivianos en un vocabulario inédito del franciscano Hermán Cattunar (c. 1911)
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Diego Escolar
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Mucho de lo que sabemos sobre la sociedad de los tobas del Chaco boliviano se encuentra en
publicaciones de misioneros franciscanos que interactuaron con ellos en el siglo XIX.
Exploradores y etnógrafos europeos publicaron breves descripciones etnográficas y anotaron
palabras sueltas en lengua toba que resultan insuficientes para analizar su lengua. La falta de
datos lingüísticos impide corroborar nuestra presunción acerca de vínculos culturales y sociales
que históricamente habrían vinculado a los tobas bolivianos con los llamados tobas occidentales
de Argentina. En este trabajo, sistematizamos los datos lingüísticos de un vocabulario toba
inédito atribuido al franciscano Hermán Cattunar (c. 1911), atendiendo al contexto histórico de
su producción. Presentamos la estructura del vocabulario y describimos, desde una perspectiva
funcionalista, los pronombres libres, los índices pronominales verbales (Haspelmath 2013;
Cysouw 2003), las estrategias de negación (Miestamo 2000, 2006), y los números cardinales
registrados por Cattunar. Nuestro análisis contribuye al estudio de posibles procesos de
gramaticalización entre lenguas guaycurúes, no detectables al estudiar cada lengua
sincrónicamente, y proporciona materiales para investigar la hipótesis de contacto entre los
tobas bolivianos y otros tobas de la región.
Much of what we know about the society of Toba peoples in the Bolivian Chaco comes from publications of Franciscan missionaries who interacted with them in the 19th century. European explorers and ethnographers published short ethnographic descriptions and wrote down some words in Toba language, but those are insufficient for analyzing their language. Lack of linguistic data prevents us from corroborating our presumption about cultural and social ties that historically would have linked the Bolivian Tobas with the so-called western Tobas of Argentina. In this work, we systematize linguistic data in an unpublished Toba vocabulary attributed to the Franciscan Hermán Cattunar (c. 1911), considering the context in which it was produced. We present the structure of the vocabulary and describe, from a functionalist perspective, the free pronouns, the verbal pronominal indexes (Haspelmath 2013; Cysouw 2003), the negation strategies (Miestamo 2000, 2006), and the cardinal numbers as recorded by Cattunar. Our analysis contributes to understand possible grammaticalization processes in Guaycuruan languages, undetectable when each language is analyzed synchronically. It also provides materials to investigate the hypothesis of contact between the Bolivian Tobas and other Tobas in the region.
Much of what we know about the society of Toba peoples in the Bolivian Chaco comes from publications of Franciscan missionaries who interacted with them in the 19th century. European explorers and ethnographers published short ethnographic descriptions and wrote down some words in Toba language, but those are insufficient for analyzing their language. Lack of linguistic data prevents us from corroborating our presumption about cultural and social ties that historically would have linked the Bolivian Tobas with the so-called western Tobas of Argentina. In this work, we systematize linguistic data in an unpublished Toba vocabulary attributed to the Franciscan Hermán Cattunar (c. 1911), considering the context in which it was produced. We present the structure of the vocabulary and describe, from a functionalist perspective, the free pronouns, the verbal pronominal indexes (Haspelmath 2013; Cysouw 2003), the negation strategies (Miestamo 2000, 2006), and the cardinal numbers as recorded by Cattunar. Our analysis contributes to understand possible grammaticalization processes in Guaycuruan languages, undetectable when each language is analyzed synchronically. It also provides materials to investigate the hypothesis of contact between the Bolivian Tobas and other Tobas in the region.
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Carpio, María Belén y Mendoza, Marcela, 2021. La lengua de los tobas bolivianos en un vocabulario inédito del franciscano Hermán Cattunar (c. 1911). Corpus. Mendoza: Diego Escolar, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 1-24. E-ISSN 1853-8037. DOI https://doi.org/10.4000/corpusarchivos.4800
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