Prevalencia de caries dental con detección de lesión inicial de caries en niños de 6 a 71 meses que asisten a la consulta pediátrica en el Hospital Eva Perón-Barranqueras–Chaco y su asociación con factores de riesgo
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Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontología
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El presente estudio, con diseño descriptivo observacional, tuvo como objetivo
determinar la prevalencia de caries y de lesión inicial en la primera infancia, como
también identificar factores de riesgo con asociación significativa a caries dental. La
muestra estuvo representada por 157 niños de 6 a 71 meses que asistieron a la consulta
pediátrica en el Hospital Eva Perón de Barranqueras, Chaco durante el segundo
semestre de 2016. Los niños fueron evaluados en consultorio dental. Se utilizó Sistema
ICDAS ya que permite detección de lesiones iniciales y se completó cuestionario sobre
factores de riesgo. El análisis se realizó mediante la confección de tablas de frecuencias,
con sus respectivas representaciones gráficas y tablas de contingencia para relacionar
variables.
La prevalencia de caries fue del 62% y de lesión inicial, 50%. Las piezas dentarias con
mayor frecuencia de lesiones iniciales fueron los incisivos superiores, caninos
superiores y molares inferiores (24%). La superficie dentaria con mayor prevalencia de
lesiones iniciales de caries dental fue la vestibular (66 %), secundada por las superficies
oclusal (17%) y proximal (11%).
No hubo género con mayor prevalencia de caries. Los factores de riesgo encontrados
con asociación significativa fueron presencia de biofilm visible, consumo diario de más
de 3 momentos de azúcar y bajos ingresos económicos.
Además, se encontró asociación entre momentos de azúcar con edad, así como con
presencia de biofilm visible. También entre ingresos mensuales con momentos de
azúcar y biofilm visible.
La prevalencia de caries aumentó con edad. Los niños que tuvieron lactancia materna
y lactancia asociada a biberón con leche como hábito nocturno tuvieron menor
prevalencia de caries. El 74% de los niños que utilizaron dentífrico fluorado, tuvo caries.
Los resultados de este trabajo podrían servir como punto de partida para otras
investigaciones y para orientar y adaptar programas preventivos iniciados a edades
tempranas.
The present study, with an observational descriptive design, aimed to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries and initial caries lesions, as well as to identify risk factors with a significant association with dental caries. The sampling was integrated by 157 children from 6 to 71 months who demanded pediatric attention at the Eva Perón Hospital in Barranqueras, Chaco in the second half of 2016. The children were evaluated in the dental office. The ICDAS System was used as it allows detection of initial caries lesions and a questionnaire on risk factors was completed. The analysis was carried out through the creation of frequency tables, with their respective graphical representations and contingency tables, to relate variables. The prevalence of caries was 62% and of initial caries lesions, 50%. The teeth with the highest frequency of initial caries lesions were the upper incisors, upper canines and lower molars (24%). The tooth surface with the highest prevalence of initial caries lesions was the vestibular (66%), followed by the occlusal (17%) and proximal (11%) surfaces. There was no gender with a higher prevalence of caries. The risk factors found with a significant association were the presence of visible biofilm, daily consumption of more than 3 moments of sugar, and low income. Furthermore, an association was found between the sugar moments with age and with the presence of visible biofilm. Also, between monthly income with moments of sugar and visible biofilm. The prevalence of caries increased with age. Children who were breastfeeding as a nighttime habit had a lower prevalence of caries. 74% of the children who used fluoride toothpaste had caries. The results of this work are used as a starting point for future research and to guide and adapt prevention programs in early childhood.
The present study, with an observational descriptive design, aimed to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries and initial caries lesions, as well as to identify risk factors with a significant association with dental caries. The sampling was integrated by 157 children from 6 to 71 months who demanded pediatric attention at the Eva Perón Hospital in Barranqueras, Chaco in the second half of 2016. The children were evaluated in the dental office. The ICDAS System was used as it allows detection of initial caries lesions and a questionnaire on risk factors was completed. The analysis was carried out through the creation of frequency tables, with their respective graphical representations and contingency tables, to relate variables. The prevalence of caries was 62% and of initial caries lesions, 50%. The teeth with the highest frequency of initial caries lesions were the upper incisors, upper canines and lower molars (24%). The tooth surface with the highest prevalence of initial caries lesions was the vestibular (66%), followed by the occlusal (17%) and proximal (11%) surfaces. There was no gender with a higher prevalence of caries. The risk factors found with a significant association were the presence of visible biofilm, daily consumption of more than 3 moments of sugar, and low income. Furthermore, an association was found between the sugar moments with age and with the presence of visible biofilm. Also, between monthly income with moments of sugar and visible biofilm. The prevalence of caries increased with age. Children who were breastfeeding as a nighttime habit had a lower prevalence of caries. 74% of the children who used fluoride toothpaste had caries. The results of this work are used as a starting point for future research and to guide and adapt prevention programs in early childhood.
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Forschner, María del Pilar, 2021. Prevalencia de caries dental con detección de lesión inicial de caries en niños de 6 a 71 meses que asisten a la consulta pediátrica en el Hospital Eva Perón -Barranqueras –Chaco y su asociación con factores de riesgo. Tesis doctoral. Corrientes: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Odontología.
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